维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 第24卷,第4期 2 0 0 3年8月 文章编号:1001—4632(2003)04—0139—03 ・中 国 铁 道 科 学 CHINA RAII MAY SCIENCE Vd.24 No.4 August,2003 博士学位论文摘要・ 磁悬浮车辆系统动力学研究 赵春发,翟婉明(导师) (西南交通大学列车与线路研究所,四川成都610031) 关键词:磁悬浮车辆;高架线路;耦合动力学;主动控制;随机振动;平稳性;曲线通过 中图分类号:U237 文献标识码:A 磁浮列车技术经过30余年的研究与发展,目 设计原则。磁浮车辆/高架桥的耦合作用十分显著,以德 HSST-100为代表的具备商业运营水平的磁浮交通 国高速磁浮车辆及其线路结构为对象,本文开展了 高架梁垂向相互作用仿真研究,比较了 系统。我国的中低速磁浮列车技术研究经过近20 磁浮车辆/年的发展,已经在悬浮和导向等关键技术上取得重 混凝土单跨梁、混凝土两跨梁和钢结构两跨梁线路 前已经出现了以德国TR08、日本MLX01和 大突破,开始进入试验线建设与试运行阶段。地面 上磁浮车辆/轨道系统的动力响应,仿真结果表明 交通车辆的动力学问题直接影响其技术经济性及应 车速400 km・h 时,高架梁的垂向动挠度未超过 用前景,因此,及时开展磁浮车辆系统动力学研究 其设计容许限值;相同材料和同等跨距时,两跨连 具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。 续梁上车辆和轨道的动力响应较单跨梁上的要小。 本论文主要在动态磁/轨关系、磁浮车/桥耦合 与日本JR300轮轨高速车辆对线桥的动力作用比较 作用、磁浮车辆随机振动及其平稳性、磁浮车辆横 结果说明,TR06磁浮车辆的动力响应较J 00的 向动力学及其曲线通过四个方面进行理论分析与仿 小得多,小跨度桥梁受到TR06磁浮车辆的动力作 真研究,目的在于探明电磁悬浮的力学特性,认清 用小于JR300轮轨车辆,但中长跨度桥梁时刚好相 磁浮车辆/轨道系统动力作用的本质规律,研究磁 反。此外,本文还对青城山磁浮车辆在12 m高架 浮系统的动力稳定性,评价磁浮车辆运行平稳性及 梁线路上的动力作用进行了仿真计算。 磁浮车辆运行平稳性是其重要的动力学性能指 价、车辆和轨道结构优化设计提供基本的理论依据 标之一,必须加以研究。考虑到磁浮线路的结构特 和指导原则。 点及其不平顺管理的特殊要求,本文引入磁浮线路 曲线通过性能,最终为我国磁浮交通系统的技术评 磁浮列车不同于轮轨列车的关键在于以电磁悬 随机不平顺分段功率谱模型(相比于高速轮0轨线 浮(磁/轨关系)取代了轮轨接触(轮/轨关系),因 路谱,该线路谱在60 m波长以上、3 m波长以下 此,电磁悬浮的力学特性是决定磁浮列车动力性能 的功率谱密度要小得多),仿真计算车速4OO km・ 的最本质原因,而磁/轨关系研究就是磁浮系统动 h 时磁浮车/线、车/桥系统垂向随机振动响应。仿 力学研究的基础和关键。本文基于国内磁浮列车悬 真结果表明,磁浮车辆随机振动的主频范围为0.5 浮控制技术的研究成果,考虑磁浮机械系统一电磁 Hz~1.0 Hz;等跨距(24 m)周期布置的高架线路 系统一控制系统的耦合作用,对电磁悬浮刚度与阻 使得车辆随机响应含有2.2 Hz的周期成分,其在 尼、电磁导向力及其刚度特性进行研究;并建立单 高速运行时甚至超过先进地面车辆UTACV(Ur— 铁一轨道一控制器耦合作用模型,仿真计算单铁系 ban Tracked Air-Cushion Vehicle)走行品质规范允 统起浮时的动态响应,指出磁浮系统车/轨耦合共 许值;车速小于450 km・h 时,车体质心加速度 振的原因,给出了避免磁浮车/轨系统共振的频率 功率谱均满足UTACV规范,磁浮车辆Sperling平 收稿日期:2003-02-21 作者简介:赵春发(1973__),男,湖北仙桃人,工学博士。 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(59975078) 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 中国铁道科学 第24卷 稳性指标值都小于2.5,属优级。 位布置和主动导向后,低速磁浮车辆的横向动力性 低速常导磁浮列车没有专门的导向磁铁,模块 能得到明显的改善。文中还对我国青城山磁浮车辆 导向力来自悬浮电磁铁的横向分力,因此,电磁铁 通过超高1。、半径300 m曲线和无超高、半径 横向、垂向运动都能改变电磁力大小,导致横向、 1 100 Tn曲线时的车辆系统响应进行了仿真计算, 垂向运动相互耦合。本文建立低速磁浮车辆系统空 采用车辆允许最大未被平衡加速度、转向架侧梁与 间耦合模型,考虑电磁力的空间耦合效应,分析比 轨道侧面最小允许间隙等对其动态曲线通过性能进 较主动、被动导向和电磁铁横向对中、错位布置下 行评价,并建议我国低速磁浮线路缓和曲线采用超 磁浮车辆的动力响应,结果表明电磁铁采用横向错 高圆顺改善型三次抛物线型。 Maglev Vehicle System Dynamics (Abstract of the Ph.D.Thesis) ZHAO Chun—fa,ZHAI Wan—ming(Supervisor) (Train&Track Research Institute,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chen ̄lu Sichuan 610031,Chim) In the past thirty years,the research and development ot evaluate teh riding quality and curve negotiation (R&D)in maglev technology has made great eprformance of maglev vehicle,and to obtain the progress.Nowadays,German electromagnetic SUS— guidelines of optimization design of maglev vehicle/ pension(EMS)maglev train-TR08,Japanese elcetro— guideway system.The main contents and conclusions dynamic suspension maglev train-MLX01 and are sa follows. HSST100(EMS)are ready for revenue operation.In Comparde with the wheel/rail train,the maglev China the key technology of elcetromagnetic suspen— train uses the elcetromagnetic suspension to take the sion nad guidance was already in shape as a result of plaec of hte wheel/rial contact,which determines hte the R&D on low—speed EMS maglev vehicle as early essentila characteristisc of maglev vehicl/eguideway sa the 1980s,and a few low—speed EMS maglev dem— system dynamics.Consequently,the study on mag— onstration lines have been constructed in the last few net/rial relationship is the key nad fundamental cont— years.The dynamic performance of the surface trans— entofmaglev systme dynamisc.Considering the cou— port vehicle plays an important role in the system piing interaction among the maglev mechanical sys— technological economic and application prospects.So tem,the elcetromagnetic system and the control sys— the investigation on maglev vehicle system dynamics tem,the dissertation firstly investigates the dynamic in tihs dissertation is just in time and importnat for characteristisc of the elcetromagnetic suspension stiff— the theoretiacl study and engineering application of ness and damping,as well as the guidance force and the maglev transport technology in China. its stiffness nuder the passive control mode and active In the dissertation,studise on the magnet/rail re— ocntrol mode.Secondly,the model of magnet/rail in— altionship,the interaction of maglev vehicle]elevated— teraction mebodying a single electromagnet,the two- guideway systme,the random vibration response of serise suspension controler and the flexible guideway maglev vehicle and the riding quality,the lateral dy— is setablished to simulate system dynamic response in l-laiTlics and dynamic curve negotiation of maglev vehi— the takeoff operation.Numeriacl results indicate that cle are carried out by means of theoretical analysis nad the resonance of single magnet——guideway systme numeriacl simulation.The purpose of the paper is to OD1TIse form the irrational configuration of systme fre— reveal the mechanic characteristisc of elcetromagnetic quencise.The frequency desing guideline to get rid of suspension,to demonstrate the dynamic interaction the ̄nance of maglev vehicl/eguideway system is between maglev vehicle and the elevated—guideway, presented. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 第4期 博士学位论文摘要 141 Due to the strong couplig innteraction between in vehicle response so that it is likely to exceed the maghv vehile cand the devated—beam guideway,the UTACV(Urban Tracked Air-Cushion Vehilce) idirg qualnity criteria under super-speed operation ondiction.The PSD of carbody acceleration satisfis ethe 、弋 criteria.And the Sperlig rnide index of vertical dynamic responses of maglev vehicle/guideway systembasedoilGermanTR06maglevvehicleandthe Emsland guideway structure are calculated,where the guideway beams include the siglne-span oncrete cbeam maglev vehicle is less than 2.5,which indicates the idirg nquality of maglev vehicle is exceHent. There is no spe ̄al guidance elctreomagnet in the and the two-span stel beam.The results suggest that themid.spandisplacementof guidewayislessthanthe allowable value at 360 km・h_。speed,and the dynam— ic responses on the two-span beam are les8 than the siglne span beam under the condition of the same ma— teril aand span length.Through comparison,the low-speed EMS maglev vehide.The uigdance of vehi— cle depends on the lateral component of the elctro—e magnetic force.Both the vertical and lateral displace— ment of the module has mutual influence on the dec— c force,which makes the vertical motion analysis of the maglev vehicle/guideway interaction tmmagnetind the wheela—rail vehicle/bridge interaction shows that the dynamic response of TR06 maglev vehicle is nd laateral motion of vehicle couplig innteraction al— tematively.In order to investigate the interaction and much leSs than that of the Japanese JR300 wheel—rail vehicle,and the dynamic effect of TR06 vehicle on vehicle curve-negotiation performance,the spatil amodel of the low-speed maglev vehicle is developed to small span beam is smaller than that of JI O0 vehicle, but on the medium-long span beam,the case is the opposite.In addition,the dynamic responses of the calculate the lateral dynamic response in the case of passive guidance and active guidance,the centrialcly arrangement and offset arrangement of elctromag—e nets.The omparicon analsysis indiatecs that the active Qigchenngshan maglev vehicle over the 12 m simple supportedbeam is simulatd aend analyzed in the dis— erstation. guidance can improve evidently the lateral dynamic erpformance of maglev vehicle.And dynamic response The ridig quanlity is one of the most important dynamic performances of the maglev vehicle.Accord— ig nto the unique guideway structures and the specil airregularity management,a three—subsection PSD of the Qigchenngshang maglev vehicle on the 300 m- radius cuYve with 1。superelevation angle and the 1 100 m-radius curve without superelevation are also simulatd erespectively.Furthermore,the curve-nego- tiation apacicty of the maglev vehicle is evaluatd ac—e Power Spectral Density)function of random iregu— laritis ien maglev guideway is introduced.It embodis esmaller iregularity in the wavelength range less than 3 m nd above 60 m caompared with the iregularitis ePSD in the conventional rail.Usig the PSD modeln the random responses of maglev vehicle on the rigid ground and the flexible elevated-guideway at 400 km‘ h~speed are simulated and analyzed.The simulation results show that the dominant frequencis eof the ma— glev vehicle vibration range from 0.5 Hz to 1 Hz. e ordcing to the m ̄mulTl allowable entcrifugal acceler— ation and inimumm allowable airgap between the side frame of ogibe nd the aside face of uigdeway.A cubi— cal parabolic transition curve with the benefit of smooth superelevation grade is suggested to be applid eto the curved guideway of low—speed maglev system. Key words:Maglev vehicle;Elevated-guideway; Couplig dynamincs;Active control;Random vibra— tion;Ride quality;Curve negotiation periodic configuration of elevated-beam in the same 24 m longitude space results in a 2.2 Hz frequency peak (责任编辑刘卫华)