考研英语(一)模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（一）模拟试卷71 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Where culture is concerned, in Madrid variety reigns. With modern art centers【B1】______from discarded factories and traditional Spanish musical theater【B2】______modern themes, there are seemingly endless ways to dive into the arts in Madrid. One of those old industrial spaces is Matadero Madrid, 【B3】______a vast slaughterhouse and now a livery multidisciplinary arts【B4】______with design, technology and art exhibitions, as well as experimental theater. Then there’s the Filmoteca Espanola in the Cines Dore, in an easy-to-miss【B5】______next to a fish market. With about 10【B6】______film series each month—retrospectives of beloved directors, a series of documentaries about gypsies—【B7】______a bookstore and restaurant, all【B8】______in a gorgeous Art Deco theater, it’s a great【B9】______for a rainy autumn afternoon. One flight above that same fish market, the Mercado Anton Martin, you’ll【B10】______feet stomping in the hallowed halls of Amor de Dios, the famed flamenco school【B11】______which legends like Antonio Gades, Sara Baras and Joaquin Cortes have passed as either students or teachers. Whether you’re thinking of【B12】______or just sneaking up to【B13】______on a class in action, it’s the city’s most【B14】______scene for flamenco. 【B15】______the cutting-edge crowd out the classics, there are always operettas to be heard at the historic Teatro de la Zarzuela, named for a Spanish genre that【B16】______means huge productions with lavish【B17】______and sets, exaggerated comic gestures and【B18】______happy endings. The new【B19】______begins Oct. 17 with the classic “ Soto del Parral” ,【B20】______pokes fun at provincial ways, and will close in June with the world premiere of “ YoDali”, a contemporary opera about the life of Salvador Dali.

1． 【B1】 A．deriving B．inheriting C．emerging D．accepting

正确答案：C

解析：动词辨析题。由下文第二段所提到的：Matadero Madrid，a vast slaughterhouse…，结合本段的modern art centers from discarded factories可以看出文章所介绍的艺术场所都是由一些废弃工厂等演化而来的。只有[C]项emerging可以表达出由旧事物逐渐演变而来的含义，最符合原文语义。[A]“剥夺”，该词

语义上与原句不符，也不能与空格后的介词from搭配。亦可排除[D]“接受”，该词也不符合原句语义。[B]有一定的迷惑性，但该词的意义为“继承”，主要指财产、头衔的相继和生理上的遗传等，故也不能与原句语义搭配。

2． 【B2】 A．embracing B．composing C．performing D．consisting

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析题。本句介绍这些新兴艺术中心的特点，即包容吸纳各种现代主题艺术，需要选出适合于说明art centers和modern themes之间逻辑关系的动词。embracing在文中的意思是“包容，吸纳”，适合说明art centers和modern themes的关系，故[A]为答案。艺术中心不能“创作”或是“构成”现代主题，并且consist之后应搭配介词of，故排除[B]composing和[D]consisting两个选项。[C]performing的宾语通常是具体的剧目等，故也可排除。

3． 【B3】 A．barely B．formerly C．essentially D．namely

正确答案：B

解析：副词辨析题。本句的意思是：这里……是一个大屠宰场，而现在是汇聚了多种门类的艺术形式的场所。本题易从本空格所在分句的连词and以及其后的时间副词now推知，此处也应填入与时间概念有关的副词。副词formerly意为“从前”，可表达时间关系，并与时间副词now意义相对，最符合原文语义。[A]barely为否定含义“几乎不”，与原文意义不符一其次可排除[D]，副词namely意为“即，也就是”，表示前后为等同关系，显然也不符合文意。[C]essentially意为“本质上”，也不能说明时间关系，故也应排除。

4． 【B4】 A．collection B．combination C．complex D．completion

正确答案：C 解析：名词辨析题。通过空格后的with design，technology and art exhibitions，as well as experimentaltheater可以推断出所需名词应该表达“多样性”、“融汇”等含义。名词complex意为group of connected orsimilar things，即各自又彼此相互关联并相似的事物的综合体，故答案为[C]。原文并没有“补全”之意，

故[D]completion“完成”不符合原文。其次可排除collection“收藏(品)”，它涉及的往往是具体的实物，故[A]错误。[B]combination表示“联合”和“混合”之意，有合成一体的含义，而原文的各种艺术形式仍是存在的，故也可排除。

5． 【B5】 A．area B．existence C．scene D．spot

正确答案：D

解析：名词辨析题。根据本空的修饰语easy-to-miss和其后说明位置关系的next to a fish market，可判断此空需填能够表达“地点”之意的名词。名词spot表示某个具体地点．最符合原文语义，故答案为[D]。[A]和[B]分别表示“范围”和“存在”，不符合原文语义。[C]scene则强调某种场面或风景，而原文到此处还没有揭示这个地方具体有些什么艺术形式，还提不到场面或风景。

6． 【B6】 A．comic B．occasional C．detective D．simultaneous

正确答案：D

解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格所在的分句With about 10 film series each month，可知此处需要填一个形容词，并且应能说明每月上映的电影系列的性质或特点。形容词simultaneous意为“同时的”，用于说明这些电影系列上映的时间关系，符合常理，故[D]为答案。[A]和[C]都是说明电影的性质，comic“喜剧的”，detective“侦探的”。但如选择这两项，则不能包含后文所说的a series of documentaries about gypsies，与原文矛盾。[B]occasional“偶然的；临时的”，表示电影没有规律性，与原文介绍观光地的目的不符。

7． 【B7】 A．despite of B．as well as C．opposite to D．such as

正确答案：B 解析：句间关系和介词选择。阅读原文时应规避两个破折号之间内容的干扰，观察前文的With about 10film series each month和后文的a bookstore and restaurant，可知本空需填入表示并列关系的介词或短语。as well as意为“以及”，表示并列关系，故答案为[B]。[A]despite of意为“尽管”，表示让步；[C]opposite to“在对面”，说明空间位置关系；[D]such as“例如”表示例证；这三个选项均

与文意不符。

8． 【B8】 A．packed B．housed C．included D．dwelled

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析题。由本空之后的in a gorgeous Art Deco theater，it’s…以及前文的bookstore，restaurant等，可知文章所介绍的艺术中心(即后文的it)与Art Deco theater的位置关系是前者在后者之内，此空应选出能表示空间关系的动词。house作动词时表示位于某个建筑之内，最符合原文语义，故答案为[B]、[C]included所表达的主要是抽象的涵盖与包含，不适合表示空间关系。[A]packed，意为“塞入，挤进”，也不符合原文语义，排除。[D]dwelled“居住”较有迷惑性，但该词不仅说明空间位置，更侧重强调在其中“生活”，一般不以物为主语，故也应排除。

9． 【B9】 A．destination B．entertainment C．recommendation D．inspiration

正确答案：A

解析：名词辨析题。由本空所在分句it’s a great for a rainy autumn afternoon分析代词it指代前文的Filmoteca Espanola in the Cines Dore，是一个旅游观光地，故本空需填人表示某种地点的名词. destination“目的地”符合文意，故答案为[A]。recommendation“推荐”和inspiration“灵感”均不符合原文语义。[B]entertainment干扰性较强，但该词表示娱乐活动，与表示地点的Filmoteca Espanola，不匹配?

10． 【B10】 A．hear B．recall C．witness D．discover

正确答案：A

解析：动词辨析题。本空与其后的feet stomping构成固定句型，可猜知此处需填人感官动词。再由后文所讲到的舞蹈场面，推知此处应表达听见脚步之声的含义。动词hear可与feet stomping构成固定句型，并能表达未见其景先闻其声的意义，最符合原文语义，故答案为[A]。[B]recall“回忆”，本段文字都是在描绘当前情景，与回忆无关。[C]witness“见证”表达视觉感官，不符合原文语义。而[D] discover不能与后文的feet stomping构成固定句型，属于搭配错误。

11． 【B11】 A．through B．beyond C．across D．without

正确答案：A

解析：介词辨析题。分析本空所在分句:．．．the famed flamenco school——which legends likeAntonio Gades．Sara Baras and Joaquin Cortes have passed as either students or teachers．可知以which引导的定语从句修饰school，现需确定缺失的介词。原句意义是某些著名舞者曾在这所学校学习或任教，他们的传奇得以通过这所学校流传于世。介词through表示“凭借”，可与原文意义匹配，故答案为[A]。[D]without的意义与原文恰恰相反，表示没有这所学校，传奇才能流传。而[B]beyond和[C]across分别表示“超越”和“越过”(强调从一边到另一边)，也不符合原文语义。

12． 【B12】 A．attending B．supervising C．enrolling D．touring

正确答案：C

解析：动介搭配关系和动词词义辨析题。本段内容介绍一所舞蹈学校，再由本空所在分句Whether you’rethinking of——or just sneaking up to on a class in action…，可知所需动词应能表达与学校相关的内容。动词enroll表示“报名人学”，符合原文，故答案为[C]。supervising“监督”不符合游客身份，而touring“旅行”则与事实矛盾，游客已经在观光，不需要再做考虑。[A]attending“参加”易误选，但该词不能和school搭配，故也应排除。

13． 【B13】 A．survey B．spy C．search D．swing

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析题。分析本空所在原文…just sneaking up to——on a class in action…，动词短语sneak up表示“悄悄走过去”，故所选动词也应表达不为人知的含义；此空之后有介词on，故该词应该能够与on搭配；再由段尾it’s the city’s most scene for flamenco之中的scene一词，可知所填动词应与“看”有关。spy作为动词，意为“窥探，侦查”，此处表示“悄悄地看”，故[B]为本题答案。[D]swing“摇摆”的意义与原文语境相去甚远。[C]search不能与介词on搭配，故也可排

除。[A]survey“调查”虽可与on搭配，但其意义不符合原文含义。

14． 【B14】 A．flourishing B．sporty C．vigorous D．conservative

正确答案：C

解析：形容词辨析题。本空处于段尾句之中，所需形容词应对前文所述场面做出评价和定性，欲正确选择必须整体把握全段内容。本段介绍一所舞蹈学校，特别注意感受前文you’ll feet stomping in the hallowedhalls of Amor de Dios所渲染的气氛。vigorous表示“生气勃勃的”，可与scene搭配，并能概括全段氛围，故答案为[C]。[D]conservative“守旧的”最易排除，与本段介绍新兴艺术场所的目的不符。[A]flourishing“欣欣向荣的，繁华的”，含发展良好之意，不与scene搭配。[B]sporty“像运动家的；直爽的”，用于形容人的性格特点，也不能与scene搭配。

15． 【B15】 A．Provided B．Although C．Whereas D．Lest

正确答案：D

解析：上下文逻辑关系和连词选择。由本空所在段落叙述的内容，可知该段介绍传统的艺术形式在新时代的发展情况。传统艺术并没有因为新兴艺术的鹊起而绝迹。而…there are always operettas to be heard…(总有传统戏剧可听)的目的正是为了防止…the cutting—edge crowd out the classics(新兴艺术排挤经典艺术)。cutting-edge“新兴的”，crowd out“排挤”。连词lest意为“以免”，表示目的，符合本句逻辑关系，故[D]正确。如选择[A]Provided“如果”，则听到传统戏剧需以传统艺术被排挤为前提，显然不合逻辑。如选择[B]Although“虽然”或[C]Whereas“然而”，则表示传统艺术已经受到排挤，与后文所述内容不符，故也排除。

16． 【B16】 A．generally B．accidentally C．presumably D．constantly

正确答案：A

解析：副词辨析题。本空所在分句提到Spanish genre“西班牙风格”，并用that引导的从句说明这种风格的具体含义，具有下定义的功用。既是下定义，则

应表达“通常，一般情况下”之意，故修饰动词means的副词应具有类似含义。generally“一般地，通常地”符合原文下定义的语义功能，故答案为[A]。[B]accidentally“意外地，偶然地”和[C]presumably“大概，可能”，两者都不符合表述的语气。[D]constantly“经常地”表示时间上的延续或反复，与原文语义也不贴切，故也可排除。

17． 【B17】 A．suits B．stages

C．decorations D．costumes

正确答案：D

解析：名词辨析题。由原文huge productions with lavish——and sets可知，本段介绍的这种戏剧都是鸿篇巨制，with之后分别从外观、表演风格和剧情等方面说明具体特点。所选名词与sets“布景”并列，同属外观范畴。costumes“服装”，可指专门的舞台服装，既可与布景并列，又属于同一角度，[D]为最佳答案。[B]stages“舞台”与sets的意义重复，故排除。[C]decorations“装饰”意义较为笼统，且与sets也有重合，故排除。[A]suits“衣服”，偏重套装，costumes含戏剧服装之意，故非最佳答案。

18． 【B18】 A．imagined B．predicted C．suspected D．guaranteed

正确答案：D

解析：形容词辨析题。本空所涉及的内容and——happy endings介绍这种传统戏剧的结尾方式，其中一个特点是happy“皆大欢喜”，所选形容词(观察选项发现都是过去分词)应说明另外的特点。动词guarantee表示“保证”，其过去分词转化为形容词，意为“必定的，肯定的”，用于此处表示“结尾必定都是皆大欢喜的”。故[D]为答案。[A]imagined“想象出来的”，未能说明任何特点，戏剧的结尾当然都是想象出来的。[B]predicted“预言出来的”和[C]suspected“猜疑出来的”更加难与原文语义搭配，故排除。

19． 【B19】 A．year B．season C．section D．period

正确答案：B 解析：名词辨析题。由The new——begins Oct．17 with…and will close in June

with…，结合本段整体内容，可推知此处所需名词应具有两重含义，一是表示时间段，二是带有集中举办的活动之意。season除了表示自然的“四季”之外，还常常用于文艺和体育范畴，表示某项活动集中举办的、较有规律的一个时段。故[B]为答案。[C]section“区域，部分”强调范罔而非时间，故可直接排除。[A]year或指自然年或指财政年度(时长也应在一个自然年左右)，故也不符合原文。[D]period仅可表示“一段时间”，但不能指活动。

20． 【B20】 A．that B．so C．which D．and

正确答案：C

解析：复合句结构分析和从句连接词选择。分析相关原文…the classic“Soto del Parral，”——pokesfun at provincial ways…，该空之后的从句与空格之前的名词是修饰关系，故判定该句为定语从句，再根据先行词与从句结构判定连词。连词which可用于非性定语从句，故答案为[C]。[B]so和[D]and分别是状语从句和并列句的连词，误选会导致从句结构不完整，故首先排除。[A]that虽可作定语从句连接词，但不可用于非性定语从句，故也可排除。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Cancer is a tale of two sets of genetic code, your own and your tumor’s—and tracing the unique areas of damage makes for a way to target treatment. Fifty years after the discovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer, scientists are assessing the state of so-called targeted therapy—with nearly 30 treatments on the market and a dozen or so more under study. “ We’re still not using the ‘ C ‘word, ‘ cure,’ “ cautioned medicine director Jeff Boyd of Fox Chase Cancer Center, who helped organized a meeting to examine the future of targeted therapy. But, he added, “there is real potential to transform many cancers into chronic diseases. “ One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack, in part by answering what the new chief of the National Cancer Institute calls the “big questions” about what makes this disease so intractable. What makes a tumor metastasize or spread through the body? Why some tumors spread and others don’t? What programs those tumor cells to invade, say, the liver instead of the bone or the lung? These are factors that undoubtedly could be new treatment targets. A domino effect of genetic alterations is required to cause any of the 200 diseases collectively called cancer. Some occur in the person, making them more prone to illness. But tumors also have their own genetic signature—four to seven genetic changes that are critical to turning, say, a normal breast or colon or liver cell into a cancerous one, and a pattern of

activity that signals how aggressive that malignancy will be. Those unique patterns also offer targets for treatment, drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the person’s cancer—and even vaccine-like therapies, a fledgling field that aims to train patients’ immune systems to recognize and fight their tumors. As the targeted therapies work differently—shrinking a tumor or slowing its growth—than the tumor-destroying approaches of chemotherapy and radiation, it’s harder to prove a benefit. But Allison Frey, whose aggressive form of thyroid cancer spread to her liver in inoperable patches, says that approach has made her cancer an illness she can manage much like a diabetic manages insulin. For nearly five years, she has swallowed an experimental pill that shrank those patches and kept them from growing back, working through a pathway that targets a tumor’s blood supply. “Honestly, to me it’s just like any other chronic illness,” said Frey, who’s part of a study at Fox Chase. “I show up for work every day and live life...with minimal issues. “

21． Medicine director Jeff Boyd believes that______. A．the new therapy is promising B．cancer cannot be cured

C．cancer may essentially be chronic

D．the new therapy faces many challenges

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。本题解答需正确理解Jeff Boyd的观点，定位至第二段。虽然他认为We’re still not usingthe‘C’word，‘cure，’即目前还不敢说能够治疗癌症，但根据本段最后一句there is real potential totransform many cancers into chronic diseases，可知他认为这种治疗方法存在着巨大的潜力，前景是乐观的。由此可知[A]是答案。四个选项中[D]不是Boyd所谈的内容，通过定位可直接排除。[B]说法最为绝对，曲解了Boyd的第一句话，虽然目前还不能根治，但并不代表不能治疗，这也不是Boyd说话的重点所在，故[B]可排除。[C]则曲解了real potential to transform many cancers into chronic diseases，原文是说要将癌症变得像慢性病一样可控，而不是癌症本质上就是慢性病。

22． Which of the following is TRUE of the targeted cancer therapy? A．It has been booming since its first occurrence fifty years ago. B．Its new development relies on the expansion of treatment target. C．It has prevented tumors to metastasize or spread through the body. D．It is a vaccine-like therapy by training the patient’s immune systems.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。本题问题涉及范围较广，凡有关肿瘤靶向治疗的内容都可能相关。首先结合选项和各段大意，将各选项定位。由此，[A]可定位至第二段，[B]和[C]定位至第三段，[D]定位至第四段。依据原句One challenge is how to expand the number of targets to attack，可知目前该项治疗技术如想继续发展，必须要拓宽靶向范围，这与[B]所述内容大致吻合，故[B]为答案。[A]项曲解原文

Fifty years after thediscovery of the first direct genetic link to cancer．scientists are assessing the state of so—called targetedtherapy，该句是说在第一次发现肿瘤的直接基因链之后五十年，才出现了所谓的靶向治疗，而不是靶向治疗已经出现了五十年。[C]与第三段所述事实相反，肿瘤的转移和扩散目前还不能防止，故排除[C]。而细读第四段末句可知防疫治疗与靶向治疗并不完全相同，故排除[D]。

23． The phrase “zero in”(Line 5, Paragraph 4)most probably means______. A．take aim B．return to zero C．pass through D．get involved

正确答案：A

解析：语义题。仅仅分析该词组所在分句很难准确得出答案，需将范围扩大至之前的分句Those uniquepatterns also offer targets for treatment…，意为“这个独特的结构为治疗提供了目标”，其中targets为关键词。顺承该句语义，drugs that zero in on the particular genetic pathways fueling the person’s cancer所表达的意思是“药物针对为肿瘤提供养分的遗传途径”，词组zero in应表达“对准目标”之意，故选项[A]正确。zero in虽有“归零”的意思，但与此处的文意不符，排除[B]项return to zero，考生要特别注意语义题中的这种“原词陷阱”。[C]项pass through“通过”利用后文单词pathways对考生造成迷惑，但与句意不符，较易排除。而[D]项get involved表示“介入”，虽意义接近，但不能表达“准确针对”之意，与前文的targets不能呼应，故也可排除。

24． What can be learned about Allison Frey according to the last paragraph? A．The patches on her thyroid and liver have disappeared. B．Her cancer has been brought under effective control. C．She can live her life as normally as she did before. D．She never received any chemotherapy or radiation.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。Allison Frey是第五段提到的一个病例，用于说明靶向治疗方法与放疗、化疗的不同之处。结合她本人对靶向治疗疗效的感受to me it’s just like any other chronic illness以及第二段中Jeff Boyd谈到靶向治疗的目标to transform many cancers into chronic diseases，说明仅就Allison的案例而言，靶向治疗达成了其目标，病症得到了有效控制，故[B]符合原文。[A]项曲解了原文中的she has swallowed anexperimental pill that shrank those patches，药物虽然使肿瘤缩小，但并未完全消失。[C]项断章取义，原文虽然说I show up for work every day and live life…，可以工作和生活，但还是特别加上了with minimalissues“仅有一些小问题”，说明与正常生活还是有区别的。[D]项属于过度推断，Allison虽然接受靶向治疗长达五年之久，但原文并未说明她不曾接受过任何放疗或化疗。

25． What would be the best title for the text? A．The Genetic Code of Cancerous Tumor

B．New Development of Cancer Therapy C．Probe into Targeted Cancer Therapy D．Different Approaches to Cancer Therapy

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。本题的解答需首先明确各段大意，并由此确定全篇主旨。除首段引出话题外，第二段至第五段分别介绍了肿瘤靶向治疗的发展现状、未来前景、面临的问题、科学依据以及与传统疗法的区别，可说已涵盖了有关靶向治疗的方方面面，故Probe into Targeted Cancer Therapy概括全面，最为恰当，[C]为答案。[A]意为“癌症肿瘤的遗传密码”，这虽然是靶向治疗的科学基础，但文章并非真正介绍遗传密码，该项偏离全文的中心，可首先排除。[D]项“癌症治疗的不同方法”，虽在末段有所提及，但并非全文主题，以偏概全，也可排除。[B]项“癌症治疗的新发展”似较为接近，但其既未突出靶向治疗这个中心，也不能涵盖文中谈到的困难挑战等内容，故也不符合题意。

“ There are no shortcuts in evolution,” famed Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis once said. He might have reconsidered those words if he could have foreseen the coming revolution in biotechnology, including the ability to alter genes and manipulate stem cells. These breakthroughs could bring on an age of directed reproduction and evolution in which humans will bypass the incremental process of natural selection and set off on a high-speed genetic course of their own. Some of the latest and greatest advances like pluripotent stem cells, gene targeting, and artificial chromosomes could leapfrog over evolution and let us take control of our genome, maybe even turn ourselves into a whole new species. Bioethicist John Harris of the University of Manchester, believes that achieving our potential “might require some deliberate changes” to our genes. He predicts that genetic engineering will eventually lead to what he calls “enhancement evolution. “ Through the nuanced use of biotechnology, enhancement evolution will gradually introduce genes that improve the species, one person at a time. At that point, deliberate selection will replace natural selection as the driving force for species change. “ We are not suited to survive designed as we are,” Harris says. “ We are hugely vulnerable to diseases, and new diseases come along all the time. It’s amazing we haven’t been entirely wiped out by one. “ The first changes to the human genome, Harris believes, will happen within small test populations. This will allow us to assess the risks and benefits of the modifications and then decide how to proceed. Enhancement evolution has plenty of critics. Lanza, for one, is uneasy about giving parents the power to design their children’s genomes. What if a couple wants a world-class athlete in the family and provides those genes, but the child grows up wanting to play chess, he asks. And what if some of the modifications go seriously wrong? Who should have the final say on when and how the human genome should be changed? On the other hand, if technology can enable us to eliminate disease and disabilities from our children or insert genes that might make them smarter or better looking, why wouldn’t we use it? As DNA guru James Watson once said, “ Evolution can be just damn cruel. “ At least it is today. Tomorrow the responsibility for evolution may rest on our own shoulders

—for better or for worse.

26． It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______. A．Louis Brandeis is reconsidering his view on evolution

B．the course of evolution may speed up owing to human intervention C．human beings may skip over any natural selection in future D．the aim of biotechnology is to create a whole new species

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。问题涉及第一段内容，要求深层理解作者对生物技术和遗传进化学发展状况的陈述。根据原文所述an age of directed reproduction and evolution…humans will bypass the incremental process ofnatural selection and set off on a high一speed genetic course of their own…，所谓的directed就是人为介入繁衍和进化过程，再依据bypass和high-speed两词可以看出，人为介入将加快进化的进程。因此，[B]项所述符合题意。[A]项曲解了原文中的He might have reconsidered those words，该句使用虚拟语气，表示这种陈述与现实相反，故排除[A]。[C]项的破题关键在于in future表示“从今往后”，而原文所说都还是一种尚未实现的情况，故[C]不符合原文。[D]项与原文maybe even turn ourselves into a whole newspecies有关，但混淆了结果和目的。原文是说这种新技术发展的结果之一可能是造就一个新物种，而非其目的是创造新物种，故[D]错误。

27． Which of the following can be the advantage of enhancement evolution? A．Bringing in delicate changes to genes. B．Replacing natural selection.

C．Changing human species entirely. D．Enhancing human immunity.

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。解答本题需正确理解Harris的观点，定位至第二段。Harris在介绍完“增强性进化”的概念之后，特别提出We are hugely vulnerable to diseases…It’s amazing we haven’t been entirely wiped out byone，说明在他看来，人类基因的弱点在于抗病性差，而通过人为干预进化，改写基因组，便可改善这种状况，这无疑存在很大的裨益。因此，本题答案为[D]。三个错项可首先排除[B]，它曲解了原文所说的replacenatural selection as the driving force，原文并不是说能完全取代自然选择，因此错误。[A]和[C]似乎在原文能找到依据：[A]项源自第二段第一句“…require some deliberate changes”to our genes。[C]项源自第一段末尾turn ourselves into a whole new species，但[A]仅是增强性进化的手段，不能说是裨益；而[C]所述的变化也未必是对人类有利的。

28． The word “vulnerable”(Line 6, Paragraph 2)most probably means______. A．entirely wiped out B．on the alert

C．easy to be attacked

D．getting immune

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。根据第二段第六行对应的原文“We are not suited to survive designed as we are，”Harrissays．“We are hugely vulnerable to diseases，…It’s amazing we haven’t been entirely wiped out byone．”，可知哈里斯认为人类目前的构造不适宜生存，而词组wipe out意为“摧毁，毁灭”，人类没被疾病毁灭已是奇迹了，可见vulnerable to diseases的意思是“容易感染疾病”。因此，答案为[C]。四个选项中最易排除[D]项getting immune，意为“对……免疫”，这与原文所述恰恰相反。[B]项on the alert意为“保持警惕”，并非文章所讨论的话题，故[B]不可能吻合。[A]项entirely wiped out，几乎是文中原词，但所猜词应是说明人类当前的真实状况，而“完全灭绝”是一种假设，故排除。

29． We can infer from the fourth paragraph that______. A．enhancement evolution is technically impossible

B．parents have the final say on children’s genome change

C．parents and children usually have different designs for the future D．enhancement evolution may cause moral problems

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。第四段集中讨论“增强性进化”的反对者们所持的观点，提出了人为干预基因组构造可能引发的各种问题。例如，如果父母与孩子对未来的期望不同，父母是否有权决定孩子的相关基因设计?谁又应有权决定人类基因改写的时机和方式?这些问题都属于社会伦理的范畴，故[D]项较为恰当地进行了概括。原文虽然提到基因改写可能会出现重大错误，但并不等同于[A]所说的“增强性进化”技术上不可操作，故排除[A]。[B]项混淆了假设与现实，人为设计下一代的基因还没有进入实际操作阶段，故由谁决定尚未可知。[C]项属于过度推断，虽然Lanza以父母与孩子规划不同为例，说明他所担心的矛盾，但并不能据此认定父母与孩子在未来规划方面总是存在分歧。

30． What is the author’s attitude towards enhancement evolution? A．Skeptical. B．Impartial. C．Supportive. D．Biased.

正确答案：C

解析：观点题。本题主要依据最后一段解答即可。虽然谈到了正反两方的意见，但作者自己的看法集中出现在末段。首句即强调了“增强性进化”的益处，既然有好处，why wouldn’t we use it?为什么不利用它呢?其后，作者更指出，当代人承担着决定未来进化发展的重担，故运用新技术已经是无可回避的，无论结果终将如何。因此，作者对“增强性进化”还是持支持态度的，答案为[C]。四个选项中最易排除[A]和[D]，两者意义都是负面的。而无论从末段还是从全文中反对意见所占的篇幅来看，作者都不会是持负面态度的。[B]项impartial，意为

“不偏不倚”，而由原文看来，作者虽然对两派意见都进行了引述，但最后还是做出了选择，故[B]也不符合原意。

Tuition has risen for the 2010 -2011 academic year at law schools across the country, though jobs for young lawyers are increasingly hard to come by. Recent figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that 4,000 jobs in the legal sector were cut in June and July, capping a 12-month stretch in which the field lost about 17,000 positions. Summer associate programs, often a stable track to future employment for law students, also fell victim to a sour economy. But more law school admission tests were administered in the most recent testing year than ever before. From June 2009 to February 2010, there were 171,514 requests for the LSAT, a 13.3 percent increase from the previous year, says Wendy Margolis, communications director at the nonprofit Law School Admission Council, which administers the test. With demand and costs climbing while job prospects diminish, what’s happening to the value of a legal education? The answer is debatable, says William Henderson, a professor at the Indiana University. He notes that in this economic climate, even a degree from a top law school does not guarantee a job. But Ann Levine, a law school admissions consultant, says that dimming job prospects and increasingly high tuition have yet to deter those in her nationwide client pool from seeking elite placements. “ People want to generally go to the best law school they can get into, regardless of costs. “ She says. One of Levine’s clients Oriana Pietrangelo turned down several full rides in favor of a partial scholarship this fall to the University of Notre Dame Law School, a highly ranked school whose “ name goes fairly far”. Reasons for tuition increases vary by school, though the pattern is that tuition rarely goes down. Instead, relatively small tuition increases are touted as big news. At Vanderbilt University Law School, tuition will increase 2. 7 percent to $ 44,900 before fees, the smallest uptick in 44 years, according to the school. Public law schools are feeling the heat of tight state budgets. Funding for higher education has been slashed in at least 43 financially strapped states, according to a recent report. Higher education funding in Texas, for example, was reduced by $ 73 million, and public universities in Indiana saw a $ 150 million decrease this year. The budget pressures are pushing tuition upward. Still, law school officials voice continued support for ambitious students choosing a legal education, especially when the curricula embrace the changing tides of the professional market. “ I think that law school remains a great investment because of the kinds of analytical skills law school teaches,” says Paul Schiff Berman, dean of Arizona State University’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, “whether you end up practicing at a law firm, or going into business, or going into government. “

31． In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______. A．explaining a phenomenon B．making a comparison C．justifying an assumption

D．posing a contrast

正确答案：D 解析：篇章题。开篇段落仅有一句话，以连词though分界，前半句Tuition has risen for the 2010—2011academic year at law schools across the country讲述新学年法学院学费上涨的事实，jobs for younglawyers are increasingly hard to come by则评述就业情况并不能与此相对应。这是典型的“作对比”的论述方法。故答案为[D]。首段只是简述了一种社会现象，但并没有进行相关的解释说明，故可排除[A]。[C]项意为“论证某个假设”，而本文既未提出或援引某个假设更没有对其进行论证，故可排除[C]。[B]项较易与答案混淆，但其意义不是“作对比(找出不同之处)”而是“作比较(以找出共同特征)”。

32． The figures in the second paragraph imply that______. A．the economy has continuously been shrinking

B．the development of law schools has been speeding up C．there is a high unemployment rate in legal sector

D．there is a contradiction between enrollment and employment

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。根据作者的论述思路推断作者引用数据的目的。本段数据以连词But(第二段第四行)为分界，之前数据说明法学界就业形势不好，而之后的数据则表明报考法学院的学生人数仍在持续攀升。结合首段引出的论题，以及第三段人们对法学教育是否物有所值的质疑，可以分析得出引用这些数据的目的是显示法学院的招生与就业情况存在着矛盾。故[D]为答案。四个选项中，[A]项脱离了原文中心思想，经济衰退虽是论题所处的背景，但并不是论述的核心，可首先排除。[B]项臆解原文文意，法学院报考人数的增加并不能说明法学院的发展在加速。[C]项过度推断，法律行业就业岗位减少并不一定说明失业率很高，该项混淆了动态变化与静态状况。

33． By taking Oriana as an example, Ann Levine suggests that law schools______.

A．haven’t lost popularity among students B．are attracting all the elites nationwide C．don’t charge as much as people suppose D．rank high among all the universities

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。首先应该注意到Ann Levine属于法学院的拥护方。根据原文中所提turned down severalfull rides in favor of a partial scholarship，她的一个客户拒绝了几个全额奖学金，而去就读一所知名法学院的半额奖学金学位。这很好地说明了费用不是问题，法学院仍是学生们热烈追捧的学府，因此[A]项概括最为准确。四个选项中可首先可排除[C]，Levine虽然认为费用上涨不会扑灭学生报考的热情，但并未对费用本身的高低做出评论。虽然可得到几个奖学金的学生堪称精英了，但是并不能就此推断全国的精英都被法学院所吸引，故排除[B]。

而[D]项则曲解了原文…a highly ranked school，Oriana就读了排位极高的法学院并不能说明法学院的排位都是高的。

34． By saying “small tuition increases are touted as big news”(Line 2, Paragraph 5), the author implies that______.

A．tuition hasn’t risen as much as people are convinced of B．big news media first detected the increase of tuition C．the increase of tuition has attracted wide attention

D．the news media forecast even greater increase of tuition

正确答案：A

解析：语义题。本句的理解应立足于全文。文章开篇提出法学院学费的增高与其就业前景的黯淡不能匹配，又援引了大量的数据和各方的热议，可见学费上涨引起了社会的广泛关注。而在本句之后，却给出了一个校方数据：tuition will increase 2．7 percent to $44，900 before fees，the smallest uptick in 44 years…，说明学费的涨幅反而下降了。两相对比，可见上涨虽是事实，可也不像新闻炒作使人们相信的那样夸张。故[A]项表达意义最为贴切。四个选项中最易排除[B]，因为学费上涨究竟是谁先发现的，与文章主题完全无关，考生应注意不要受“big news”这类原词的影响。[D]项错误与此类似，其内容与下文的举例不能匹配，故也可排除。[C]项所述符合文章内容，但不能准确全面地揭示本句的含义。

35． Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Students graduating from top law school can’t find a good job.

B．Law schools enable the students to enter the fields other than legal sector. C．Law schools are losing the support of state budgets. D．Students seek elite placements by going to law schools.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。本题涉及全文内容，应先将各个选项定位至相关段落。根据最后一段所述，law schoolremains a great investment…whether you end up practicing at a law firm，or going into business，orgoing into government．可以看出即使去法学界以外的领域就业，法学院的所学仍是有价值的，因此[B]为答案。[A]项定位至第三段最后一句even a degree from a top law school does not guarantee ajob，原句意思是“即使在最好的法学院取得的学位也未必能保障一份工作”，而不等同于顶尖法学院毕业都不能找到好工作，故排除[A]。[C]项涉及第五段内容，但财政支持的缩减并不代表完全的丧失，故[C]错误。就读法学院有可能获得很好的就业机会，但文章并没有说通过就读法学院就能得到好的机会，故[D]项也错误。

As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1, or “juvenile” diabetes—an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas stops producing insulin—type 2 diabetes is linked to diet and lifestyle. It usually develops only in individuals who are genetically sicken for the condition, but requires a trigger—

typically, insulin resistance resulting from overeating. The disease used to be seen only in adults because it took years to exhaust the body’s natural insulin production and resistance. No longer. With kids from Austria to Australia eating a diet laden with fats and sugars, type 2 diabetes is striking at ever earlier ages. Says Arian Rosenbloom, a Florida-based pediatric endocrinologist: “ We do not see type 2 in kids of normal weight. “ The pattern is similar all over the world. In the United States and Britain, half of the new cases of diabetes in children are type 2, compared with just 4 percent in 1990. In China, where 90 percent of the children who have contracted the disease are now type 2, experts say the incidence has been rising by 9 percent each year since 1992. Between 1975 and 1995 in Japan, cases of type 2 in children increased fourfold. And children in Latin America could see a 45 percent rise in the disease by 2010. The trend mirrors the explosion of diabetes among the general population. In 1985 an estimated 30 million people worldwide had the disease; today that number has been more than fivefold, to 177 million, 85 percent of whom have type 2. If modern diet and lifestyle aren’t drastically altered, the World Health Organization expects this number to rise to nearly 300 million cases by 2025—half of them in Asia. The biggest danger of developing diabetes at a younger age is that it allows more time for complications. Among other things, diabetes commonly causes blindness, loss of circulation, heart and kidney disease, strokes and dangerously high blood-sugar levels. For young people with diabetes, the expected life span is 15 years less than average. Neville Rigby, head of policy and public affairs at the International Obesity TaskForce, puts it bluntly: “ Some of these children are going to die before their parents. “ Ultimately, diabetes is incurable. Although changes in lifestyle and diet can help stem the progression of the disease, it never disappears. Most patients are on insulin injections a decade after diagnosis. Ralph Abraham, a specialist at the London Diabetes and Lipid Centre, compares trying to develop a healthy body after being diagnosed to “ trying to run up a down escalator. “ The best long-term hope for reversing the trend is for society to get its weight problem under control.

36． According to the passage, children with type 2 diabetes______. A．suffer an autoimmune disorder

B．are genetically weak in their constitution C．are usually overweight D．stop producing insulin

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。题干中的关键词是type 2 diabetes，定位至开篇首句。该句As Childhood-obesity rates…，doctors are…是典型的表示原因的主从复合句，句中导致二型糖尿病病例增多的直接原因，就是前半句提到的儿童肥胖，故[C]为答案。[A]属于张冠李戴，首段第二句明确指出an autoimmune disorder是type 1diabetes的症状，排除。[B]具有很强干扰性，首段第三句提到了患二型糖尿病的病人特征geneticallysicken for the condition(病人对该病抵抗力差)，但此处说的是通常情况下患二型糖尿病的成人特征，并非儿童特征，排除。第二句中的stops

producing insulin也是一型糖尿病人的患病症状，不是二型儿童糖尿病患者的典型特点，排除[D]。

37． The figures in Paragraph 2 denote______.

A．China has the largest number of children with type 2 diabetes B．Japan has the biggest growth rate in new cases of diabetes C．Latin America sees the greatest rise in the disease D．the increasing patterns are alike in many countries

正确答案：D

解析：篇章题。本题考查学生对于作者写作意图的理解。浏览第二段，可以看出这里作者采用了典型的论点一论据式段落展开模式，首句为段落主题句：The pattern is similar all over the world．然后列举不同国家的一系列数据对主题句加以说明。[D]“世界各地的增长趋势都很类似”是对主题句的同义转述，从第二段中的数字可以看出儿童患二型糖尿病的形势比较严峻。[A]、[B]和[C]都只是局限于某一个国家的数字所说明的问题，过于细节化，没有从总体上表明作者的写作意图。此外就各项表述本身来看也存在问题，段中只是给出90％这样一个数据，由此不能判断中国患二型糖尿病的儿童数量最多。同理，日本和拉丁美洲国家也只是作者提到的例证而已，也无法断定它们是患二型糖尿病的儿童数量增长最快的国家，排除此三项。

38． To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? A．People will change their lifestyle and diet.

B．The prediction made by WHO may be realized. C．The WHO overestimates the danger of diabetes.

D．Diabetes will be the most popular disease around the world.

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。从题于内容无法回归定位至原文，针对此类问题，需要从两个方面加以考虑：由于考研阅读通常按顺序设题，前两段已设出题点，因此本题考点可能在第三段。对照四个选项，认真阅读第三段内容，找到各选项出处并逐个详细分析，从文章中寻找依据，来判断作者的观点。谈及WHO(世界卫生组织)的预测时，作者在第三段末句的条件句中提到：这一数字非常可能实现，除非现代的饮食习惯和生活方式发生剧变。从该段首句的the explosion of diabetes可以看出这种疾病来势凶猛，因此WHO的预言不是危言耸听，故[B]为答案。本题考查作者可能会同意的观点，所以必须从作者的行文方式中寻找答案。从第三段来看，作者并没有提到人们意识到饮食及生活方式对身体的严重危害，有意进行调整和改变，因此[A]属于过度推断，排除。第三段列举了一系列的增长数字，表明糖尿病发展势头很猛，这与后面WHO的预测一致，而[C]认为WHO高估了糖尿病的危害，显然不符合段落中的语句逻辑，排除。[D]认为糖尿病会成为世界上最常见的疾病，属于极端的观点，在文中没有相关的表述，排除。

39． What might the author think of Neville Rigby’s comment? A．It’s ridiculous.

B．It’s alarming.

C．It’s out of the question. D．It’s accurate.

正确答案：B

解析：态度题。根据题干中的Neville Rigby定位至第四段引用处。本题考查作者对文中提到的某一观点可能的态度，需要留意作者对这一观点的表述。作者提到Neville Rigby坦率地表明可能有一些儿童会比父母的寿命要短，这是为了说明该段段首提到的The biggest danger of developing diabetes，这说明儿童患二型糖尿病的严重性，故[B]为答案。段中作者引用Neville Rigby的评论是用来正面支持自己的论点，从末句中的bluntly(坦率地)可以看出这是正面例证，排除[A]。[C]It’s out of the question(这是不可能的)与语境矛盾，第四段末二句提到患糖尿病的儿童寿命大大缩短，显然作者引用Neville Rigby的话是用来支持这一观点，排除此项；作者并未对引用进行具体评价，[D]属于过度推断。

40． According to the last paragraph, diabetes will______. A．be cured in some way.

B．remain a persistent ailment. C．be eradicated in the future. D．only affect overweight people.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。最后一段前两句指出糖尿病是不可治愈的。虽然改变生活方式和饮食习惯能够帮助延缓疾病的发展，但糖尿病永远不会消失。故[B]“永久性的疾病”为答案。[A]与[C]均认为糖尿病可以治愈，这与末段首句表述相反，排除。该段末句提到“改变这一趋势的长期的、最佳方法是控制体重问题”，[D]认为糖尿病只影响超重的人，选项中有only一词，过于绝对，排除。

Part B (10 points)

The Economist recognizes these talented people through its annual Innovation Awards, presented in six fields: bioscience, computing and communications, energy and environment, business-process innovation, consumer products and a flexible “no boundaries” category. The awards were presented at a ceremony in London on November 9th by John Micklethwait, The Economist’s editor-in-chief. And the winners were: Bioscience: Marvin Caruthers, professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Colorado at Boulder, for the development of automated DNA synthesis—the ability to “print out” arbitrary strands of genetic material.(41)Computing and communications:a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of computing and communications and turn them into reality.______(42)Energy and environment:a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of energy and environment and turn them into reality.______(43)No boundaries:a creative individual who dream up new ideas of Internet and turn them into reality.______(44)Business-process innovation:a creative individual who dreams

up new ideas of business-process and turn them into reality.______(45)Consumer products:a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of consumer products and turn them into reality.______We extend our congratulations to the winners, and our thanks to the judges.[A]Nicolas Hayek, chairman of Swatch, for revitalising the Swiss watch industry. During the 1980s Switzerland’s legendary watch industry fell into decline, with exports falling by half within a decade as a result of Japanese competition. Mr. Hayek’s response was to consolidate the industry to create the Swatch Group. It went on to beat the Japanese at their own game, creating the bestselling watch brand in history and becoming the largest watchmaker in the world, with a quarter of the market.[B]Janus Friis and Niklas Zennstrom of Skype, for the development of Internet file-sharing and telephony using peer-to-peer technology, which allows millions of computers to link up over the Internet without central co-ordination. In 2000 Messrs Friis and Zennstrom launched KaZaA, which became the dominant means of sharing music and video files, despite attempts by the entertainment industry to shut it down. Skype, launched in 2003, lets users make free phone calls over the Internet, forcing traditional telecoms operators to slash their prices.[C]Sam Pitroda, chief executive of WorldTel, for pioneering India’s communications revolution. In 1987 Mr. Pitroda was asked by Rajiv Gandhi, the Indian prime minister, to help democratise access to telecommunications. His response was to deploy instantly recognizable yellow telephone kiosks in every town and village. This helped to release India’s telecoms industry from state control and opened it up to private firms, paving the way for a technology boom. He now promotes similar policies in other countries.[D]Pierre Omidyar, founder and chairman of eBay, for the development of electronic marketplace technology and his promotion of access to markets as a tool for social change. Mr. Omidyar set up eBay in 1995 with the aim of creating a marketplace accessible to any internet user. The business was profitable by 1996. People all over the world buy and sell items in 45,000 categories; some even make a living trading on eBay.[E]Hernando de Soto, founder and president of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy. Mr. de Soto argues that bureaucracy and the lack of formal property rights are major causes of poverty in developing countries. Red tape and the lack of legal title to property, preventing its use as collateral, make it hard for the poor to establish or expand businesses. While serving as economic adviser to the Peruvian government, Mr. de Soto initiated a property-titling scheme which helped 1. 2m families. Similar reforms have been implemented in El Salvador, Haiti, Tanzania and Egypt. Mr. de Soto has also championed the use of league tables to shame governments into cutting red tape.[F]Johannes Poulsen, former chief executive, Vestas Wind Systems, for the commercialisation of wind energy. In 1987 Mr. Poulsen took the helm at Vestas, then a small Danish firm with 60 employees. By the time he retired in 2002, Vestas had 5,000 employees and a quarter of the world market for wind turbines. Under Mr. Poulsen, Vestas greatly improved the efficiency of wind turbines, reducing costs and making wind power more competitive.

41．

正确答案：B

解析：本题要求找到计算与“通信奖”得主。在备选答案中[C]“pioneering India’s communicationsrevolution”(引领印度通信)；[D]“Mr Omidyar set up eBay in 1995 with the aim of creating amarketplace accessible to any Internet user．”(Omidyar1995年以创建一个任何因特网用户都可以访问的商务平台为目标创办了eBay。)；和[B]“the development of internet file—sharing and telephony usingpeer—to—peer technology”(开发}十{了基于点对点技术的因特网文件共享与电话)；这二三个选项都提到了网络通信问题，因此干扰性很强，而且如果选错一个，可能导致其他题目也选错。但[B]选项更侧重讲通信价格的下降是由于他们发明了一种计算机新技术，同时结合了计算和通信(computing andcommunications)，所以[B]正确。

42．

正确答案：F

解析：本题要求找到能源与环境奖得主。本题相对较简单，因为只有[F]选项开头提到了wind energy(风能)这种与能源相关的概念，所以[F]正确。但该段的后半部分提到了Under Mr．Poulsen，Vestas greatlyimproved the efficiency of wind turbines，reducing costs and making wind power more competitive．(在Poulsen领导下，Vestas公司极大地提高了风力涡轮机的效能，降低了其成本，从而使得风能更具竞争力)，这对于找到商业流程改革奖得主增加了干扰性。

43．

正确答案：D

解析：本题要求找到“无奖”得主，是五道题中最难的一题。因为该奖项的名字范围太广泛了，考试时如遇到此题，建议考生最后作答。但是，好在[D]结尾提到了“People all over the world buy and sellitems in 45，000 categories；some even make a living trading on eBay．”，这些全球化的概念与“无”概念有交叉点。所以[D]正确。

44．

正确答案：C

解析：本题要求找到“商业流程改革奖”得主，[C]选项确实谈到了communications revolution(通信)。但是，后文又讲到Rajiv Gandhi(甘地)这一政治人物。不少同学便会将其联系到“社会与经济改革奖”，可是，[E]选项中谈到Hernando de Soto，founder and president of the Institute for Liberty andDemocracy．(Hernando de Soto，自由与民主学会创办人兼会长)，此人更适合获得此奖项。那么，Mr．Pitroda就只能得到“商业流程改革奖”了。故[C]正确。

45．

正确答案：A 解析：本题要求找到消费产品奖得主，相对较为简单，因为一提到瑞士手表，大家的第一意识通常就是“奢侈消费品”，所以[A]正确。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

A great lawyer-statesman and philosopher of a former age—I mean Francis Bacon—said that truth came out of error much more rapidly than it came out of confusion. There is a wonderful truth in that saying.【F1】Next to being right in this world, the best of all things is to be clearly and definitely wrong, because you will come out somewhere. If you go buzzing about between right and wrong, you come out nowhere; but if you are absolutely and thoroughly and persistently wrong, you must, some of these days, have the extreme good fortune of knocking your head against a fact, and that sets you all straight again.【F2】So I will not trouble myself as to whether I may be right or wrong in what I am about to say, but at any rate I hope to be clear and definite. I take it that the whole object of education is, in the first place, to train the faculties of the young in such a manner as to give their possessors the best chance of being happy and useful in their generation.【F3】And, in the second place, to furnish them with the most important portions of that immense experience of the human race which we call knowledge of various kinds. I am using the term knowledge in its widest possible sense; and the question is, what subjects to select by training and discipline, in which the object I have just defined may be best attained. 【F4】I must call your attention further to this fact, that all the subjects of our thoughts—all feelings and propositions, all our mental furniture—may be classified under one of two heads. As either within the province of the intellect, something that can be put into propositions and affirmed or denied; or as within the province of feeling, or that which was called the aesthetic side of our nature, and which can neither be proved nor disproved, but only felt and known. According to the classification which I have put before you, then, the subjects of all knowledge are divisible into the two groups, matters of science and matters of art.【F5】For all things with which the reasoning faculty alone is occupied, come under the province of science; and all things feelable, all things which stir our emotions, come under the term of art. So the business of education is, in the first place, to provide the young with the means and the habit of observation; and, secondly, to supply the subject-matter of knowledge either in the shape of science or of art, or of both combined.

46． 【F1】

正确答案：仅次于正确，世界上最佳的事情莫过于清楚而明确的错误，因为你定将从中得到解脱。

解析：in this world“世界上”在翻译时归到下半句；to be clearly and definitely

wrong中wrong作为名词翻译。联系上文，come out应该是从wrong中come out，含有“纠正错误，得到正解”之意。

47． 【F2】

正确答案：所以，我不会在我将要说的话可能是正确还是错误上自找烦恼，但是，至少我希望我所说的是清楚而明确的。

解析：后置定语部分in what I am about to say在翻译时提前。at any rate引申为“至少”。I hope to be…可以引申译为“我希望我所说的……”。

48． 【F3】

正确答案：其次，用我们称之为各类知识的人类无限经验中最重要的部分来装饰它们。

解析：本句承接前文the whole object of education is而来。furnish的宾补很长，且有后置定语修饰，翻译时with引导的宾补部分可以提前。

49． 【F4】

正确答案：我必须进一步提醒你关注这个事实，我们思想的内容——所有的情感和主张，我们所有的心智器官——可划归于以下两类之一。

解析：本句按照顺译法翻译即可，保留破折号形式。句末be classified被动部分在翻译时可变为主动结构。

50． 【F5】

正确答案：所有那些只为推理人员所使用的可归类于自然范畴；所有那些可感知的以及所有那些可激发我们情感的，可归类于艺术范畴。

解析：本句为and连接的并列句，come under the province of与come under the term of含义相同，在翻译时可以进行统一。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

51． Write a letter to the president of your university to suggest that the electricity in the dormitory be cut off at night. Briefly state your reasons in the letter.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)

正确答案：Dear Principal, My name is Li Ming, a senior student of the university. I am writing this letter to suggest that the electricity in the dormitory

should be cut off at night. Now the electricity in the dormitory is on all night long and it really leads to a serious problem. Some students are staying up late playing computer games or surfing on the Internet, which really disturbs other students’ sleep. If the electricity were cut off at night at particular time, all of us would go to bed on time and greet the next day with full spirit. I sincerely hope that you will take my advice into consideration and look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

52． Write an easy of 160 -200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

正确答案： As illustrated by the picture, a waiter is serving a bowl of noodle to the customer, and advertising the noodles in hand by saying “30 yuan is totally worth it when you can eat the favorite noodles of our Empress Cixi”. And the customer on the other side, is sweating and finding the noodle to be too expensive while sitting around a table that reads “ The Noodle House of the Forbidden City”. What is illustrated by this picture is by no means exceptional. With the traditional culture stepping back to the spotlight once again, many businesses are also sparing no efforts to utilize this opportunity to promote their products and make profits. Such interest-driven commercial activities will do little good to the promotion of traditional Chinese culture. On the contrary, without strict regulations and supervisions, they will even hurt the customers’ interests and bring a bad name to culture as well. To better popularize the Chinese traditional culture, business can also play their roles. As long as the cooperation is aiming at the real development of Chinese traditional culture and focusing on the positive side of it, the final result could be a win-win one. For example, the commercial shows of Beijing Opera would make a good example as to how business and Chinese traditional culture can go hand in hand, benefiting from each other during this process.