四级作文讲解

图表作文常用表达法 开头：

The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures， figures/statistics shows (that)……

It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics

The table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……

The table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……

图表（数据）趋势表达法：

数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下：

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up „„

减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall „„ 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave „„ 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off „„

二， 应用文：欢迎词，俱乐部招人海报，书信，简历 书信： 书信开头：

From an advertisement, I have learnt that… With great delight I learn that… I am writing to inquire…

In reply to your inquiry of May 17, we are happy (sorry) to inform you that… As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious. How are you getting along these days? 书信结尾：

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. I look forward to receiving your good news.

Your prompt attention and reply will be greatly appreciated. Thanking you in advance for all the trouble you will take for me.

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结束语：

Sincerely yours (or Yours sincerely), Faithfully yours (or Yours faithfully), Truly yours (or Yours truly),

Respectfully yours (or Yours respectfully),

论说文有三种：问题解决型、观点对比型和现象描述型。其中问题解决型作文是近年考察重点（5次），其次是观点对比型（3次）和现象描述型（2次）。 论说文建议采用三段式写作思路。

（1）观点对比型：该类作文是2011年重点备考类型，理由如下： 2008年12月至2010年12月连续五次均考“问题解决型”作文，改换类型几率较高。接下来，请关注一下该类作文命题形式的变化。

年份 题目 提纲

1999年6月 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 1.有人认为读书要有选择 2.有人认为应该博览群书 3.我的看法

2008年6月 Recreational Activities 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害 3.作为大学生，我的看法

2006年12月 On the Spring Festival Gala 1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春晚 2.有人提出取消春晚 3.我的看法

可以看出，当前该类作文的命题不同与2000年之前，具体表现在命题思路上。区别主要体现提纲形式的变化上：

传统观点对比型 1. 支持方观点 +2. 反方观点 +3. 我的看法 当前观点对比型 1. 现象描述+ 2. 观点（利弊）分析+3. 我的看法

友情提示：经典的观点对比型作文写作模板用在如今的考试之中已无效了。

下面，以2008年6月份真题为例介绍该类作文的最新破题思路

2008年6月英文题目：Recreational activities

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提纲：1. 娱乐活动多种多样

2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性

3. 作为大学生我的看法 例文：

首段：描述现象+ 观点阐述（利）+原因

Living in the era of information and technology, individuals have access to a variety of recreational activities. Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary for people to participate in these activities, because they bring convenience and benefits. In their eyes, without these activities, it is impossible for them to ease their working and studying pressure. Moreover, what makes them convinced is that enjoying recreational time is of great significance for them to make friends.

二段：观点阐述(弊) +原因

Beneficial as these activities are, others have an opposite perspective. First, they argue that taking part in them means a great amount of time, money and energy; therefore, their work may be afflicted. In addition, what worries many parents or teachers is that some games (gambling or computer games) may have negative influences on teenagers’ learning.

尾段：我的看法（观点阐述）+具体说明（理由）

Who is right? I think there is something right in both arguments. However, I am convinced that we should attach more importance to our study or work firstly. Then, we are also expected to get relaxed through positive recreational activities.

（2）问题解决型：问题解决型作文是近年重点，也是2011年6月四级备考次重点。其写作思路一般可以总结为：现象（问题）描述+原因（危害）分析+建议措施（我的看法）。

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以2010年6月份真题为例介绍该类题型的破题思路。

2010年6月英文题目：Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling

汉语提纲1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。

2.出现这种情况的原因。

3.如何避免这一问题 例文：

首段：问题描述 = 背景+描述+总结

In the present-day world, English has become indispensable. However, it can be noticed that learners pay less attention to spelling than ever before. Therefore, this problem has become a matter of concern for teachers and students.

中间段：原因分析= 主题句+原因1+原因2

Generally speaking, several reasons can account for this phenomenon. To begin with, while writing, students tend to type on computers, which can correct spelling mistakes automatically. In addition, most English tests are based on choosing correct answers, in which spelling is not a necessity.

尾段：建议措施= 主题句+建议1+建议2

To tackle this issue, I am convinced that “Practice makes perfect.” First, all English learners – students from primary schools, middle schools and colleges – are highly hoped to practice word-spelling. Second, it is suggested that English exams should be reformed, in which correct spelling should be a basic requirement.

(3) 现象描述型：该类作文针对社会或者校园话题（非负面问题）展开讨论，在近年考查较少。2007年12月就是典型的现象描述型作文，真题如下：

英文题目：What Electives to Choose

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汉语提纲：1. 各学校开设了各种各样的选修课

2. 学生选课有不同的原因

3. 就我而言

Powerful sentences from College English

Book I

 Brains aren’t the only answer. Hard work isn’t the whole story either.  The most gifted / high-achieving / top / A students

 Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread.  Cut down on

 Even a short break to stretch or get some fresh air can work wonders.  The bittersweet feelings are as much a part of me now as they were twenty-one years ago.

 Once it was established that, as long as it was financially feasible.  Unbearably lonely

 I would be able to survive college.

 Tears welled up uncontrollably in my eyes, and I was consumed by a rush of sadness.  My Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband.  Just as…so…

 I am just as happy if you question me.  No wonder…  Now that…

 The main reason for developing a better vocabulary is to receive and send out thoughts better.

 Words give you the building blocks.  As Mark Twain put it…

 It is through words that people grasp the thoughts of others .  Vocabulary is so much more than “fancy words you won’t use”.  She broke into tears.

 She could never have imagined that…  All she could do was pray and worry.  Faith helped them bear the poverty.  Drawing crowds of neighbors to watch.

 Congratulate themselves on finding a musical talent of the decade.  Play the instrument with ease.  As he grew into adulthood  When he turned 21.  Tragedy strikes.

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 He was involved in a serious car accident.

 He fought back from the shadow of death as he had once fought out from the shadow of

blindness.

 He reevaluates his goals in life.

 He has been able to bring sunshine to the shadow of many other lives.  Each of us over the years has built up beliefs about ourselves.

 It is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.  A danger is that we often accept as true the wrong images of self.  Mentally picture ourselves performing well at some task.  In line with…

 Do justice to ourselves.

 We should forget the poor images of ourselves and not dwell on them.  Feel guilty or embarrassed  We are doomed from the start.

 She was a small woman, old and wrinkled.

 Most Jewish women of her age were sickly and weak.  Bent backs, leaned on sticks,  Small and thin as she was…  She was a real find.

 My mother had never been so pleased with …

 These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind.  Three weeks passed, then four and five.

 She had grown close to us through the years she had served us so faithfully  Someone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin.  Stand on her feet.                   

I don’t want to be a burden on any one. She had been driven by a strong will to do … Fulfill the task she had undertaken. I liked nothing better than…

The ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life. He was a tall, weathered man in a red hunting shirt. We had a stake in one another Force / propel me to do … Unwed mother

Kids don’t think twice about bad language / profanity. It was my family’s good name that paved the way. Stay happily married. Be prepared to do …

Give way a little, take the middle course. Eat a leisurely meal

To complete their happiness… Spin a coin Sort out …

The place was crowed with people.

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    

I was tempted to let loose… I held my tongue…

I’m on the brink of an argument.

It is natural to take offense if someone is rude. He launches into a complaint.

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