“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’ s probably worth listening to.
Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’ re a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’ s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it’ s practical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.
It’s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.
I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman’ s studies I think not.
As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider how
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you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.
Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。
1．Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer’ s point? A. Make the best of a bad job. B. Rome was not built in a day. C. All is not gold that glitters. D. A good heart conquers ill fortune.
[解析] 推理判断题。Make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为A。Rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；All is not gold that glitters意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；A good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。
[答案] A
2．What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?
A. She became famous through her family background.
B. She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life. C. She is a British talk show host. D. She became successful by her own effort.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a self-made billionaire可知美国talk show主持人oprah Winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。
[答案] D
3．The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________. A. luck is in your own hand B. bad luck can turn into good
C. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you D. man can conquer nature
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。
[答案] C
4．From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion that________.
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A. lucky people are quick-minded B. unlucky people are slow to read C. lucky people often have an open mind D. unlucky people are more creative
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，Wiseman通过试验得出结论：“幸运的人”具有开放的心态，做事不墨守成规。
[答案] C
5．The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“________”． A. recognize C. locate
B. mark D. receive
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据上文语境及The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。
[答案] A
[长难句解读] You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you.
but前后为两个并列分句。在第一个分句中不定式短语to find a good job用作结果状语。第二个分句含有一个宾语从句，现在分词短语waiting for the opportunity to come to you作伴随状语。
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完形填空典型例题
Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, I was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. But 1 was 1 into stillness by what I saw. Mother, seated at the far end of the sofa, 2 , with the second-hand green typewriter on tile table. She told me that she couldn't type fast and then she was out of work. My shock and embarrassment (尴尬)at finding Mother in tears was a perfect proof of how 3 understood the pressures on her. Sitting beside her on the sofa, I began very 4 to understand. \"I guess we all have to 5 sometime, \"Mother said quietly. I could 6_ her pain ami Iht, tension (压力)of 7 tilt' strong feelings that were in terrupted by my arrival. Suddenly, something inside mt' 8 I reached out and put my arms around her. She I)roke then. Silt' lint her face 9 ray shotulder and sobbed. I held her 10 and didn't try to talk. I knew I was doing what I
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11 ,what ] could anti that it was enough. In that moment, Let'ling Mother's 12 with feelings, I tmderst(x)(I for the first tinte her being so easy to 13 . She was still my moth er, 14 she was something 15 a person like me, capal)le of fear and 16 and failure. I could feel her pain as she must have feh nfine on a thousand occasions (场合)when I sought 17 in her arms.
A week later Mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radiostation 18 . \"It's a job 1 can do, though. \"She said simply. But the evening practice on the old green typewriter continued. 1 had a very 19 feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her 20 away across the paper. I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type. 1. A. tired B. ashamed C. lazy D. shocked 答案：D 指导：看到母亲伤心的样子，作者感到“震惊”，后面有提示。 2. A. crying B. smiling C. thinking D. whispering 答案：A 指导：由后文得知，母亲在“哭”，intears可作为信息提示。 3. A. eagerly B. worriedly C. litth, D. nmch
答案：C 指导：由前文的“震惊”和“尴尬”可知，作者对母亲承受的压力所知甚少。“急切地”“担心地”都不适合与动词“理解”搭配；much表达的意义正好相反. 4. A. quickly B. slowly C. suddenly D. proudly
答案：B 指导：因为作者对母亲承受的压力所知甚少，所以此处应是“慢慢地”明白母亲的处境。quickly\"'陕速地”表示动作迅速；suddenly说明动作、情况等出乎意料；proudly\"自豪地”显然不合题意。
5. A. fail B. win C. fall sick D. give in
答案：A 指导：这是母亲自我安慰的话：人人都会失败。理解了文章母亲因为事业而伤心，而此处在自我安慰，就会排除“成功…“病倒”“屈服”。
6. A. learn B. watch C. sense D. recognize
C 指导：此处强调作者的“感觉”，sense用作动词，当“感觉到”讲。learn''获悉、获知”；watch\"注视”；recognize\"辨认，分辨”都不合题意。 7. A. holding back B. putting away C. sitting up D. stopping from
答案：A 指导：看到作者来到，母亲“忍住”悲伤，holdback\"阻止”“忍住”，符合题意。
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put away\"收起来，放起来，储存”，不合题意。
8. A. lit up B. came true C. turned D. increased
答案：C 指导：此处指我内心的某种感情发生了“转变”，故用turn．1ightup\"照亮”；cometrue\"梦想等实现”；increase\"数量等增加”都不合题意。
9. A. to B. up C. through D. against
答案：D 指导：介词against当“依靠”讲，此处指母亲把头靠在我的肩膀上。 10. A. tightly B. thoughtfully
C. carefully D. politely
答案：A 指导：作者“紧紧地”抱住母亲，以示对她的安慰。此处仅仅说明动作，“体贴到”“细心地…‘有礼貌地”修饰“拥抱”都不恰当。
11. A. should B. would C. could D. might
答案：A 指导：此处表示作者意识到母亲作为一个平常人的脆弱，“应该”给她以安慰。其他情态动词不合题意。
12. A. hand B. face C. hair D. back
答案：D 指导：此处作者满怀感情地“抚摩”母亲的背，也是对母亲的理解和安慰。由作者前面“拥抱着”母亲可排除其他选项。
13. A. content B. break C. fall D. understand
答案：B 指导：看到母亲如此伤心，作者体会到母亲原来也是这么容易“沮丧、崩溃”。break当“沮丧、崩溃”讲。content
“满意的”，fall\"摔倒”，都不合题意。
14. A. therefore B. however C. yet D. though
答案：C 指导：yet用作副词，表转折，意为“然而”。therefore\"所以…‘though\"当副词用时，也可以当“然而”讲，但往往用于句末，且前面用逗号隔开；however表转折时，往往需要逗号把前后文隔开。
15. A. more B. much C. little D. huge
答案：A 指导：作者认识到自己的母亲不仅仅是“母亲”，还是一个平常人，more\"另外的”，符合题意。此处具有比较意义，故排除其他选项。
16. A. wound B. defeat C. cut D. hurt
答案：D 指导：hurt与前面的fear和后面的failure构成并列关系，此处指“内心感情”的伤害，故用hurt．wound多指对身体的伤害；defeat\"打败”，不符合语境。
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17. A. kindness B. memory C. comfort D. support
答案：C 指导：一般情况下，孩子应在母亲那儿寻求“安慰”，而此时作者认识到，母亲也需要子女的安慰。由语境可排除其他选项，母亲伤心时需要的是“安慰”，而不是别人的“善良”和“支持”。
18. A. supplied B. offered
C. paid D. contributed
答案：B 指导：offer当“提供”讲。此处指母亲拿电台出的一半的工资卖东西。supply，pay，contribute都不能直接与前面的salary搭配。
19. A. different B. hard C. pleasant D. serious
答案：A 指导：有了以上对母亲的了解，作者因此对母亲有了“不同”的感情。此处说明作者内心情感的变化，因此不用“困难的”“愉快的”和“严肃的”。 20. A. hitting B. tapping C. beating D. striking
答案：B 指导：tap意为“轻敲”，此处指打字，因此不用其他几个动词。由特定的语境可排除其他选项：hit\"击打”；beat连续地“敲打；击打”；strike\"打击”。
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Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.
Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice. KEDS/VANS
Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的）sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful. BALLET PUMPS
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The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子）, heel and knee pain.” WEDGES AND STILETTOS
These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very unstable.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain. SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage. 61. Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems? A. Marks & Spencer. C. Keds and Vans.
B. Wedges & Stilettos.
D. Ballet Pumps.
62. Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?
A. B. C. D.
63. The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.
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A. increase B. worsen C. stop D. cure
64. From this passage we can infer _______. A. trendy shoes may ruin teenagers’ health B. fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them C. experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes D. podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes 65. In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage? A. Sports. B. Science. C. Health. D. Shopping.
参考答案、、61—65 DBCAC
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高考链接. 201*陕西卷
When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. ①Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail ,I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on e-mail for their Comployees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repay their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies ,which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam.
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Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
57.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. messages B. ideas C. connections D.programs 58.According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam? A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications. B. More people in the world communicate by e-mail. C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.
D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.
59.According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam? A. The business B. The advertiser C. The employee D. The consumer 60.What is the purpose of the text?
A. To inform
B. To educate
C. To persuade D. To instruct
【文章导读】随着网络信息技术的发展，越来越多的人们实用网络邮箱来传递信息，但现在垃圾邮件的泛滥已经成为网络用户们深恶痛绝的事情，人们呼吁立法来阻止垃圾邮件的泛滥。 57. A。词义猜测题。根据本文中的e-mail一词以及endless series of advertisements可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A。
58. D。推理判断题。由第二自然段中的As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.一句可知本题选D。
59. D。推理判断题。根据本段的最后一句可知本题选D。
60. C。推理判断题。通读全文可知本文作者摆出了垃圾邮件的危害，其目的是说服立法人员尽快出台法律阻止垃圾邮件的蔓延，故本题选C。 ·错题集
57. 本题为词意猜测题目，出错率往往比较高，本题很多考生选择了D项，主要是因为他们看到了advertisements一词，认为既然是广告，就应该是栏目、节目等。实际他们没有意识到这里讲的主要是e-mail，而e-mail主要是信息，也就是message。
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58. 本题很多同学从我们的日常出发，选择了A项和B项，实际本题有比较准确的意群来解决这个问题，但是很多同学没有去找，只是根据自己的常识判断，因而选错。 *************************************************************结束
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